DevOps

Traditional MySQL replication architectures (active-passive or source-replica topologies) introduce replication lag and require failover orchestrators (e.g., Orchestrator or ProxySQL) to handle master crashes. MySQL NDB Cluster is a shared-nothing, distributed database that provides real-time in-memory performance, 99.999% high availability, and active-active multi-master read/write capabilities across all SQL nodes. This guide details configuring and scaling a multi-master NDB cluster using Oracle MySQL Cluster Manager (MCM). Core Architecture & Node Roles An NDB cluster consists of three distinct node types: ...

Unlike traditional Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisors that virtualize complete hardware stacks and boot independent operating system kernels, containers share the host Linux kernel while isolating processes using kernel Namespaces (PID, NET, IPC, MNT, UTS) and Control Groups (cgroups). Docker packages application dependencies, libraries, and runtime binaries into lightweight, immutable container images. Core Architecture Docker operates under a client-server model: Docker Client (docker): The CLI tool you execute to issue commands. Docker Daemon (dockerd): The background daemon listening for API requests to manage images, containers, networks, and storage volumes. Docker Registry: Public (Docker Hub) or private image repositories. A container lifecycle is tied directly to its primary foreground process (PID 1). When that process exits, the container stops. ...